What occurs during Stage 4 of the braking process?

During Stage 4 of the braking process, the vehicle is transitioning to a stop, and the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle is being converted into thermal energy due to the friction generated between the braking components. This conversion is crucial as it illustrates how the braking system works to decelerate the vehicle; as brakes are applied, the friction material grips the brake disc or drum, transforming the vehicle's kinetic energy into heat, which dissipates through the braking components. This thermal energy generation is essential because it indicates the effectiveness of the braking system in slowing down or stopping the vehicle safely. Understanding this process helps in comprehending how brakes function and the importance of managing heat in braking components to prevent brake fade and maintain performance.